IEC 31/1033/DTS-2012 IEC/TS60079-32-1,Ed.1:爆炸性气体环境.第32-1部分:静电危害指南
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【英文标准名称】:IEC/TS60079-32-1,Ed.1:Explosiveatmospheres-Part32-1:Electrostatichazards,Guidance
【原文标准名称】:IEC/TS60079-32-1,Ed.1:爆炸性气体环境.第32-1部分:静电危害指南
【标准号】:IEC31/1033/DTS-2012
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2012-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际电工委员会(IX-IEC)
【起草单位】:IEC/TC31
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:环境;情况案例;危险;定义;防护等级;电机;电气的;电气工程;电驱动装置;静电的;静电充电;静电放电;静电学;外壳;装备;爆炸危险;防爆装置;防爆;爆炸物;爆炸性环境;可燃性环境;危害;点火;作标记;防护电气设备;安全性;开关装置;试验
【英文主题词】:Atmosphere;Casepart;Danger;Definitions;Degreesofprotection;Electricmachines;Electrical;Electricalengineering;Electrically-operateddevices;Electrostatic;Electrostaticchargings;Electrostaticdischarges;Electrostatics;Enclosures;Equipment;Explosionhazard;Explosionprotection;Explosion-proof;Explosive;Explosiveatmospheres;Flammableatmospheres;Hazards;Ignition;Marking;Protectedelectricalequipment;Safety;Switchgear;Testing
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:K09
【国际标准分类号】:29_260_20
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticesforSimulatedServiceTestingforCorrosionofMetallicContainmentMaterialsforUseWithHeat-TransferFluidsinSolarHeatingandCoolingSystems
【原文标准名称】:太阳能加热和制冷系统中用传热液体的金属容器材料的腐蚀模拟维护试验的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME745-1980(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1980
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E44.05
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:corrosion;fieldexposure;heattransferfluids;immersionmetalliccontainmentmaterials;solarheatingandcooling;Containmentsystems/applications;Corrosion--metals/alloys;Corrosion--solardevices;Fieldtesting--solarmaterials;Heattransfer
【摘要】:Atthistimenoneofthesepracticeshavebeendemonstratedtocorrelatewithfieldservice.Becausetheseproceduresdonotrestricttheselectionofeitherthecontainmentmaterialorthefluidfortesting,itisessentialthatconsiderationbegiventotheappropriatepairingofmetalandfluid.Likewise,knowledgeofthecorrosionprotectionmechanismandtheprobablemodeoffailureofaparticularmetalishelpfulintheselectionoftestconditionsandtheobservation,interpretation,andreportingoftestresults.Itisimportantthatconsiderationbegiventoeachofthepermittedvariablesintestproceduresothattheresultswillbemeaningfullyrelatedtofieldperformance.Itisespeciallyimportantthatthetimeoftestingselectedbeadequatetocorrectlymeasuretherateofcorrosionofthecontainmentmaterial.Note18212;Corrosion,whethergeneralorlocalized,isatime-dependentphenomenon.Thistimedependencecanshowsubstantialnonlinearity.Forexample,formationofaprotectiveoxidewilldiminishcorrosionwithtime,whilecertainformsoflocalizedattackacceleratecorrosionwithtime.Theminimumtimerequiredforatesttoprovideacorrosionratethatcanbeextrapolatedforthepredictionoflong-termperformancevarieswidely,dependingontheselectionofmetalandfluid,andontheformofcorrosionattack.Therefore,itisnotpossibletoestablishasingleminimumlengthoftestapplicabletoallmaterialsandconditions.However,itisrecommendedthatforthetestsdescribedinthesepractices,atestperiodofnolessthan6monthsbeused.Furthermore,itisrecommendedthattheeffectoftimeoftestingbeevaluatedtodetectanysignificanttimedependenceofcorrosionattack.Itisessentialforthemeaningfulapplicationoftheseproceduresthatthelengthoftestbeadequatetodetectchangesinthenatureofthefluidthatmightsignificantlyalterthecorrosivityofthefluid.Forexample,exhaustionofchemicalinhibitororchemicalbreakdownofthefluidmayoccurafterperiodsofmonthsinselectedcyclesofoperation.Note28212;Manyfluidsthatmaybeconsideredforsolarapplicationscontainadditivestominimizethecorrosivityofthefluid.Manysuchadditivesareusefulonlywithinaspecificconcentrationrange,andsomeadditivesmayactuallyacceleratecorrosioniftheconcentrationfallsbelowacriticallevel.Depletionkineticscanbeastrongfunctionoftheexposedmetalsurfacearea.Therefore,fortestsinvolvingfluidswithsuchadditives,considerationmustbegiventotheratioofmetalsurfaceareatofluidvolumeasitmayrelatetoanoperatingsystem.1.1Thesepracticescovertestproceduressimulatingfieldserviceforevaluatingtheperformanceundercorrosiveconditionsofmetalliccontainmentmaterialsinsolarheatingandcoolingsystems.Alltestresultsrelatetotheperformanceofthemetalliccontainmentmaterialonlyasapartofametal/fluidpair.Performanceinthesetestprocedures,takenbyitself,doesnotnecessarilyconstituteanadequatebasisforacceptanceorrejectionofaparticularmetal/fluidpairinsolarheatingandcoolingsystems,eitheringeneralorinaparticulardesign.1.2Thesepracticesdescribetestproceduresusedtoevaluatetheresistancetodeteriorationofmetalliccontainmentmaterialsintheseveralconditionsthatmayoccurinoperationofsolarheatingandcoolingsystems.Theseconditionsinclude:(1)operatingfullflow;(2)stagnantemptyvented;(3)stagnant,closedtoatmosphere,non-draindown;and(4)stagnant,closedtoatmosphere,draindown.
基本信息
标准名称: | 烟用香精酸值的测定 |
英文名称: | Tobacco flavor—Determination of acid value |
中标分类: |
轻工、文化与生活用品 >>
日用化工品 >>
香精、香料 |
替代情况: | 被YC/T 145.1-2012代替 |
发布日期: | 1998-03-12 |
实施日期: | 1998-05-01 |
首发日期: | 1900-01-01 |
作废日期: | 2012-08-01 |
提出单位: | 国家烟草专卖局 |
归口单位: | 全国烟草标准化技术委员会 |
起草单位: | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 |
起草人: | 谢剑平、胡清源、罗丽娜、胡军 |
出版社: | 中国标准出版社 |
出版日期: | 1998-05-01 |
页数: | 6页 |
适用范围
本标准规定了测定烟用香精酸值的方法。
本标准适用于烟用香精。
前言
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目录
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引用标准
下列标准所包含的条文,通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时,所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订,使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。
GB/T 14454.14-1993 香料标准溶液、试液和指示液的制备
GB/T 14455.2-1993 精油取样方法
YC/T 145.4-1998 烟用香精乙醇中溶混度的评估
所属分类: 轻工 文化与生活用品 日用化工品 香精 香料